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2.3 Definition of Text
Based on Oxford dictionary (2008:459), text is main printed part of book or magazine. Text also is any form of written material. Material that studying by the students in the class. Based on Indonesian Big Dictionary, text is manuscript that contains the original words of an author, quote of holy book to base of doctrine or cornerstone, and provides written material to the basic lessons, speech and etc.
MK Haliday and Ruqayah Hassan (1976:1) said that : “A text is a unit of language in use. It is not a grammatical unit, like a clause or sentences; and it is not defined by its size. A text is sometimes envisaged to be some kind of super-sentences, a grammatical unit that is larger than a sentence but it is related to a sentence in the some way that a sentence is related to a clause, a clause to a group and so on.“
So, a text consist of some sentence so that things be differentiate with definition single sentence. In other hand, a text supposed a semantic unit, is unit of language that related with meaning form. Thus, a text in reliazation related to clause, is language unity that consist if subject and predicate and if give a final intonation will be a sentences.
Text also meaningful of unit, text covered meaning that utterance by oral and written. When people conversation, people create a text; likewise when that people writing. A conversation or written have meaning that can understand and reasonable is text. When we communication, we create a text, well together (in conversation) and own self (in speech, written, etc). At the moment, we are listening and reading, we implicated in exchange of meaning. Halliday (1985 a:11) in English book (2004:13) said “text is a social exchange of meanings”. Comprehension of text is very important caused in basically communication is exchange of meaning and change to result a text.
From definition above, we can conclude text is manuscript that contains the original words of an author that main printed part of book or magazine written in any form of written material. And text covered meaning that utterance by oral and written, likely writing and conversation. In this research is about procedure text that involved writing text.
2.4 Procedure Text
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is a achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps.
Basically, procedure text are part of our daily life. Tell us how something is done through steps or actions. We often use procedure text, even though we rarely realize it. The examples are when we follow the instruction of how to makes recipes of cooking food.
2.4.1 The Generic Structure of Procedure Text
Every kind of the text has structure. Procedure Text has generic structure. They are (Derewianka,1990 in English book 2004) :
Aim/Goal: showing the purpose / goal making or how to do something. Aim/goal is title.
Material: Telling the needed materials. But not all of the texts need this step. (Precise information, how long, how many, what types).
Step 1-end: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose/contents are steps to do activity. This part can give label “what to do” or “direction”
2.4.2 Language feature Used Procedure Text
Many kind of the text have language feature involved procedure text. Language feature that using in Procedure Text are (Derewianka, 1990 in English book 2004):
Using the simple present tense, usually imperative sentence. Example: cut the paper.
Using temporal conjunction, like first, second, than, next, after that and finally.
Using action verbs, as turn, cut, mix, stir, and cook.
Adverbial to show when or how. Example: for five minutes, centimeters from the top.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1. Definition of Competence
Competence is a state or quality of being adequately or well qualification; ability (Morozan, 2012:5). Competence based on Oxford Dictionary (2008:85) is ability to do something well. Competence is a gift of God given to all human being in the world. Everyone has different abilities. Competence indicates sufficiency of knowledge and skills to enable mastering four language skills, such as: listening, speaking, reading and writing. In this case, the language skills is competence of writing.
To get value of scoring competence for each student, the writer used adapted Method by John Anderson. Method of scoring for categories of Competence which require a separate score for each of a number of aspects by John Anderson, based on an oral ability scale found in Harris: 1968 in Hughes (1989;91 – 93).
2.2. Definition of Writing
Writing is one of the language skills. Writing is one of the competences in language that must be learned by the students. This competence is not easy to do. Needed the studied process and exercises to Based on Oxford University press (2008:516) writing is activity of writing.
According to Mawardi (2009) reveals that “writing is an intellectual activity as well as physical activity rather exhausting and mind. There’s no way we write simply use the mind alone without exertion. Conversely, it is impossible to write just rely on power without mind. That is why many people who have minds pithy, brilliant, and brilliant and still not be able to write because they do not have enough time and energy to do it. Many people who have the time and effort, but cannot write because of lack of ideas or thoughts.”
According to Tarigan (1982) writing is a language skill that using for communication in direct or indirect by face to face with other people. Writing is activity that productive and expressive. In writing activity, writer must be competent to exploit graphology, language structure and vocabulary. “Writing skills didn’t come automatically, but must be by many and regulated of practice and exercises”.
In modern life, more clearly that writing skills is much needed. And not wrong if we said that writing skills is a characteristic from person that educated or nation have educate. In connection with this case, Morsey (1976:122 in Tarigan) said “Writing is using for to report or announce; and influence; and purpose and that’s aim only can achieved well by people that can arrange their idea and presented with clear, clarity depend on idea, organization, using for words, and structure sentences”.
Many kinds of writing activity, one of them is writing of procedure text.
Writing of procedure text is very needed to learn by the students. Because many activities in our life that involved procedure. So, in this research, the students were asked to write procedure text based on the topic given.
From definition above, we can conclude wring is an intellectual activity as well as physical activity rather exhausting and mind that using for communication in direct or indirect by face to face with other people.
RESEARCH ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE COMPETENCE OF WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT BY THIRD GRADE STUDENT OF SMP NURUL FALAH JAMBI IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014
Name : Abd. Rahman Bintang
N.P.M : 110088203077
6th semester of C
English Education Program
At Batanghari University Jambi
2014
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
English language is language that used by people in the world and is very important to learn by Indonesian people, especially in this era globalization. Because English language as International language and be lingua franca, when we are talk to foreign people. And all technology use English language. And there are not limitations in one country with other country.
In Indonesian, English language was learned in schools elements of education because English language supposed as compulsory subject. Because with have competence in using English language, make easy to say something, can express our mind, telling and talking in English language. So that, mastery English is needed very much.
In KTSP said, English material is very important to learn all student in schools with mastering the four skills, they are : listening, speaking, reading and writing. Among the four skills above, writing is important one and the most difficult one. Nurgiantoro (2010) argue that competence of writing is more difficult mastered than three others ability of language, competence in general write more arguably more difficult to control even by native speakers of the relevant language support though. It is because writing competence requires mastery of language elements and elements beyond the language it self that will be content restrictions. Both elements of the language and the element contents of the message should be interwoven in such a way as to produce coherent essay, coherent and contained.
Procedure text is one kinds of text that many found in our circle. In “manual”, recipes, rules, and all texts “how to” and other. Derewianka (1990) in English book (2004) said that procedure text is kind of text that tell us how to do something based on steps or action. This text is text that must be to learn because it is a text that tells about our daily activities. With learning procedure text, the students hoped sort work steps in every activity available good generic structure of procedure text.
In SMP Nurul Falah, procedure text is one kinds of the text that they are learn. Procedure text is very important to learn because this text gives provisioning to the students with insight and skills in developing of procedure text in written language. It appears, the students skills are low because the less of mastering procedure text. In fact, the competence of writing procedure text by the students in Nurul Falah is low, because the students are decrease to understanding about procedure text. One factor in developing of study procedure text because rarely do research about pocedure text.
1.2 Statement of the Problem.
The problem can be stated as follows: How is the competence of the third grade Students of SMP Nurul Falah Jambi in academic year 2013/2014 in writing procedure text ?
1.3 Limitation of the Research
In this study, the writer focuses only on the organization, punctuation, spelling and vocabulary the third grade Student of SMP Nurul Falah Jambi in academic year 2013/2014 in writing prosedure text about recipe.
1.4 Benefit of the Research
In this research, the researcher expecting the teacher can use it in developing study material especially procedure text material and in SMP Nurul Falah Jambi.
Basic Assumptions of the Research
Procedure text is very important to learn writing. Because procedure text gives provisioning to the students with insight and skills in developing of procedure text in written language.
1.6 The Hypotheses of the Research
The competence of the third grade Students of SMP Nurul Falah Jambi in academic year 2013/2014 in writing procedure text.
TIME, DATE, DAY, MONTH AND YEAR
Pengucapan waktu (time) dalam bahasa Inggris ada beberapa cara.
Coba perhatikan di bawah ini :
7 : 00 = seven o’clock
7 : 15 = a quarter past seven (seven fifteen)
7 : 20 = twenty past seven (seven twenty)
7 : 30 = half past seven (seven thirty)
7 : 35 = twenty five to eight (seven thirty five)
7 : 45 = a quarter to eight (seven forty five)
7 : 55 = five to eight (seven fifty five)
Tanggal/date mempunyai cara penulisan & pembacaan sebagai berikut:
Penulisan Pembacaan
1st January The first of January (1 Januari)
2nd February The second of February (2 Februari)
3rd March The third of March (3 Maret)
4th April The fourth of April (4 April)
5th May The fifth of May (5 Mei)
21st June The twenty first of June (21 Juni)
Urutan month (bulan) adalah sebagai berikut:
January [jaenyueri]
February [februeri]
March [ma:c]
April [eiprel]
May [mei]
June [ju:n]
July [julai]
August [o:gest]
September [sep'tembe]
October [oktoube]
November [nouvembe]
December [di'sembe]
Pengucapan year (tahun) yaitu sebagai berikut :
1980 = nineteen eighty
1990 = nineteen ninety
1995 = nineteen ninety five
1998 = nineteen ninety eight
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